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Pressure Vessel Steel Plates

About

Pressure vessel steel plates are specialized steel products designed to withstand high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, making them essential in the construction of pressure vessels, boilers, and reactors. These plates are manufactured to meet stringent standards and specifications, ensuring they possess the necessary strength, toughness, and resistance to corrosion for safe and reliable operation in demanding environments. Typically made from carbon steel or alloy steel, pressure vessel steel plates are available in various thicknesses and grades, tailored to specific applications in industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, and power generation. Their exceptional mechanical properties and weldability ensure they can endure the extreme conditions associated with pressurized systems, contributing to the overall safety and efficiency of industrial operations.

Pressure Vessel Steel Plates are specifically designed to be used in pressure vessels, boilers, and tanks that hold gases or liquids at high pressures. These plates are manufactured to withstand extreme conditions, including high temperature and pressure, making them vital in industries like petrochemical, oil & gas, power generation, and chemical processing. Pressure vessel steel plates are governed by stringent international standards to ensure safety, reliability, and durability.

1. Common Standards for Pressure Vessel Steel Plates

Pressure vessel steel plates are produced according to various international standards to ensure quality and safety under high pressure and temperature conditions:

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)

    • ASTM A516: Standard specification for carbon steel plates intended primarily for service in welded pressure vessels where improved notch toughness is important.
    • ASTM A537: Heat-treated carbon-manganese-silicon steel plates, used in pressure vessel applications.
    • ASTM A285: Low and intermediate tensile strength carbon steel plates for pressure vessels.
  • ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)

    • ASME SA516: Carbon steel plates intended for moderate and lower temperature service, commonly used for pressure vessels.
    • ASME SA537: Heat-treated carbon-manganese-silicon steel plates for pressure vessels.
  • EN (European Norms)

    • EN 10028: Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes. It is subdivided into parts such as EN 10028-2 for non-alloy and alloy steels, and EN 10028-3 for weldable fine-grain steels.
  • DIN (German Institute for Standardization)

    • DIN 17155: German standard for pressure vessel steel plates, particularly for weldable fine-grain steel.
  • JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)

    • JIS G3115: Standard for carbon steel pressure vessel plates.
    • JIS G3124: High-strength steel plates for pressure vessels in intermediate and moderate temperatures.

2. Material Grades of Pressure Vessel Steel Plates

Different grades of pressure vessel steel plates offer various mechanical and chemical properties suited to different applications. The selection of grades depends on the operating temperature, pressure, and the medium contained in the pressure vessel.

a. ASTM Standards Material Grades:

  • ASTM A516 Grade 60/65/70:

    • Specifications: Carbon steel plates for moderate and lower temperature service. Grades 60, 65, and 70 refer to different strength levels. Grade 70 is the most commonly used.
    • Chemical Composition:
      • Carbon: 0.18-0.28%
      • Manganese: 0.60-1.20%
      • Phosphorus: Max 0.025%
      • Sulfur: Max 0.025%
    • Mechanical Properties:
      • Tensile Strength: 415-585 MPa
      • Yield Strength: 260-345 MPa
      • Elongation: 21-23%
    • Applications: Boilers, pressure vessels, and heat exchangers.
  • ASTM A537 Class 1:

    • Specifications: Heat-treated carbon-manganese-silicon steel plates used in pressure vessels.
    • Chemical Composition:
      • Carbon: Max 0.24%
      • Manganese: 0.70-1.35%
      • Silicon: 0.13-0.45%
      • Phosphorus and Sulfur: Max 0.035%
    • Mechanical Properties:
      • Tensile Strength: 485-620 MPa
      • Yield Strength: Min 345 MPa
      • Elongation: 22%
    • Applications: Pressure vessels and industrial boilers requiring high strength.
  • ASTM A285 Grade C:

    • Specifications: Low and intermediate tensile strength carbon steel plates for pressure vessels.
    • Chemical Composition:
      • Carbon: Max 0.28%
      • Manganese: 0.90-1.30%
      • Phosphorus and Sulfur: Max 0.035%
    • Mechanical Properties:
      • Tensile Strength: 380-515 MPa
      • Yield Strength: Min 205 MPa
      • Elongation: 23%
    • Applications: Pressure vessels and storage tanks operating at low or intermediate temperatures.

b. EN Standards Material Grades:

  • EN 10028-2 P265GH:

    • Specifications: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties.
    • Chemical Composition:
      • Carbon: Max 0.20%
      • Manganese: 0.80-1.40%
      • Phosphorus and Sulfur: Max 0.025%
    • Mechanical Properties:
      • Tensile Strength: 410-530 MPa
      • Yield Strength: 265 MPa
      • Elongation: Min 21%
    • Applications: Pressure vessels, steam boilers, and heat exchangers.
  • EN 10028-3 P355NL1/P355NL2:

    • Specifications: Fine-grain steel for use at low temperatures.
    • Chemical Composition:
      • Carbon: Max 0.18-0.20%
      • Manganese: 1.10-1.70%
      • Phosphorus and Sulfur: Max 0.025%
    • Mechanical Properties:
      • Tensile Strength: 450-620 MPa
      • Yield Strength: 275-355 MPa
      • Elongation: Min 22%
    • Applications: Pressure vessels and storage tanks operating in low-temperature environments.

c. JIS Standards Material Grades:

  • JIS G3115 SPV315:

    • Specifications: Carbon steel plates for pressure vessels operating at moderate or low temperatures.
    • Chemical Composition:
      • Carbon: Max 0.18%
      • Manganese: 1.20-1.60%
      • Silicon: Max 0.35%
      • Phosphorus and Sulfur: Max 0.035%
    • Mechanical Properties:
      • Tensile Strength: 490-620 MPa
      • Yield Strength: Min 315 MPa
      • Elongation: 22%
    • Applications: Used in boilers, pressure vessels, and heat exchangers for moderate temperature applications.
  • JIS G3124:

    • High-strength steel plates for pressure vessels.
    • Mechanical Properties:
      • Yield Strength: 460-620 MPa depending on grade.
    • Applications: Pressure vessels used in high-temperature, high-pressure conditions.

3. Specifications of Pressure Vessel Steel Plates

The specifications of pressure vessel steel plates cover their chemical composition, mechanical properties, and manufacturing processes to ensure that they can withstand extreme operating conditions. Below are some key aspects of their specifications:

a. Mechanical Properties:

  • Tensile Strength: This is the maximum stress that the steel plate can endure before breaking. Pressure vessel steel plates typically have tensile strengths ranging from 380 MPa to over 600 MPa, depending on the grade and standard.

  • Yield Strength: The stress at which the steel begins to deform plastically. Yield strengths for these steel plates range from 205 MPa to over 450 MPa, depending on the grade.

  • Elongation: This indicates how much the steel can stretch before breaking, which is important for pressure vessels that may experience expansion under pressure. Elongation values typically range from 20% to 23%.

b. Chemical Composition:

  • Carbon Content: Pressure vessel steel plates generally have low to medium carbon content (0.18% to 0.30%), providing a balance between strength, weldability, and toughness.

  • Manganese: Added to improve toughness and strength, with content ranging from 0.60% to 1.70%.

  • Other Alloying Elements: Some pressure vessel steel plates contain small amounts of elements like silicon, nickel, chromium, or molybdenum to enhance resistance to corrosion, improve toughness, or withstand high temperatures.

  • Phosphorus and Sulfur: Kept to a minimum (below 0.035%) to avoid embrittlement and improve weldability.

c. Manufacturing Processes:

  • Pressure vessel steel plates are often hot-rolled and heat-treated (e.g., normalized, quenched, and tempered) to ensure the required mechanical properties and improve toughness.

d. Thickness Range:

  • Plates are usually available in thicknesses ranging from 6 mm to over 150 mm, depending on the application and the grade.

4. Applications of Pressure Vessel Steel Plates

Pressure vessel steel plates are used in a wide variety of high-pressure environments where safety, reliability, and durability are critical. Some key applications include:

  • Boilers: Used in power generation plants, chemical plants, and refineries, where they hold water or steam under pressure.

  • Pressure Vessels: Used in industries like petrochemicals, oil and gas, and pharmaceuticals to store gases and liquids at high pressure.

  • Heat Exchangers: Employed in the transfer of heat between two fluids under pressure, used in power plants, chemical processing, and refrigeration systems.

  • Storage Tanks: Utilized to store and transport liquefied gases or chemicals under pressure.

  • Reactors: Used in nuclear and chemical plants where high-pressure and high-temperature conditions are common.