Nickel Alloy Sheets

Nickel alloy sheets are highly resistant to corrosion, high temperatures, and oxidation, making them essential for industries such as aerospace, chemical processing, marine, and power generation. Nickel alloys can be combined with elements like chromium, molybdenum, copper, and iron to enhance their strength, durability, and resistance to harsh environments.
Below is an overview of the standards, material grades, and specifications for nickel alloy sheets:

ASTM B162: Covers nickel (UNS N02200) and low-carbon nickel (UNS N02201) plates, sheets, and strips.
ASTM B127: Specifies nickel-copper alloy (Monel 400) plates, sheets, and strips for use in marine and chemical environments.
ASTM B168: Applies to nickel-chromium-iron alloys such as Inconel 600 and Incoloy 800 for high-temperature and corrosion-resistant applications.
ASTM B443: Covers nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloys (Hastelloy C276) in sheet, plate, and strip form, used in corrosive chemical processes.
EN 10095: European standard for heat-resistant nickel and nickel alloys used for high-temperature applications.
DIN 17750: German standard for nickel and nickel-alloy sheets, strips, and plates used in high-temperature and corrosive environments.

Nickel alloy sheets are categorized based on their chemical composition and properties. Here are some commonly used grades:
a. Nickel 200/201 (UNS N02200 / N02201): Nickel 200: Commercially pure nickel (99.6% minimum nickel content), offering excellent corrosion resistance in reducing environments, good mechanical properties, and high thermal and electrical conductivity. Used in chemical processing, food handling, and electronics.

Nickel 201: A low-carbon version of Nickel 200, better suited for high-temperature applications to prevent embrittlement.

b. Monel (Nickel-Copper Alloy): Monel 400 (UNS N04400): Composed of approximately 67% nickel and 30% copper, Monel 400 is known for its excellent corrosion resistance in seawater, steam, and acidic environments. It's commonly used in marine applications, chemical processing, and oil and gas industries.

Monel K500 (UNS N05500): Similar to Monel 400 but with added aluminum and titanium for greater strength and hardness, used in shafts, pump impellers, and marine environments.

c. Inconel (Nickel-Chromium Alloy): Inconel 600 (UNS N06600): A nickel-chromium-iron alloy that provides excellent resistance to oxidation, carburization, and high temperatures. It's commonly used in furnace components, chemical processing, and aerospace applications.

Inconel 625 (UNS N06625): This nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy offers excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and toughness at elevated temperatures. It is widely used in aerospace, marine, and chemical industries.

d. Incoloy (Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloy): Incoloy 800 (UNS N08800): Composed of nickel, iron, and chromium, Incoloy 800 is used in high-temperature environments where strength and oxidation resistance are required. Typical applications include furnace components, heat exchangers, and chemical processing.

Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825): Contains molybdenum, copper, and titanium in addition to nickel, iron, and chromium. Incoloy 825 is highly resistant to corrosive acids and used in chemical processing and pollution control.

e. Hastelloy (Nickel-Molybdenum-Chromium Alloy): Hastelloy C276 (UNS N10276): A nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy with outstanding corrosion resistance in a wide range of severe environments, including oxidizing and reducing conditions. It’s used in chemical processing, pollution control, and marine industries.

Hastelloy C22 (UNS N06022): Offers improved resistance to oxidizing media and localized corrosion, making it ideal for chemical processing, flue gas desulfurization, and marine environments.

f. Other Nickel Alloys: Nimonic 75 (UNS N06075): A nickel-chromium alloy used for its high-temperature stability and strength, often used in gas turbine components and industrial furnaces.

Nimonic 90 (UNS N07090): Nickel-chromium-cobalt alloy with high strength and oxidation resistance, used in high-performance turbine blades and aerospace applications.

Nickel 718 (UNS N07718): A precipitation-hardenable nickel-chromium alloy with high strength, corrosion resistance, and excellent weldability, widely used in aerospace and gas turbines.

Nickel alloys are known for their high strength, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, and superior resistance to corrosion and high-temperature oxidation.

Alloy	Tensile Strength (MPa)	Yield Strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)	Melting Point (°C)	Common Applications
Nickel 200	379-448	103-172	30-45	1435	Chemical processing, electronics
Monel 400	517-620	172-345	20-40	1350	Marine, chemical, oil & gas
Inconel 600	655-758	240-310	30-45	1354	High-temperature furnaces, aerospace
Inconel 625	827-1034	414-690	30-50	1290	Marine, aerospace, chemical processing
Hastelloy C276	690-827	283-370	40-55	1370	Chemical processing, pollution control
Incoloy 800	480-600	205-250	30-45	1385	Heat exchangers, furnace components

Nickel alloy sheets are available in a range of sizes and thicknesses to meet the needs of various industrial applications. Common specifications include:
Thickness: Available from thin foils (0.1 mm) to thick plates (up to 100 mm).
Width and Length: Standard sheet dimensions typically range from 1000 mm to 1500 mm in width and up to 3000 mm in length, though custom sizes are available.

Nickel alloys offer a combination of mechanical strength, toughness, and resistance to various forms of corrosion, including:
Oxidation Resistance: Inconel alloys (e.g., Inconel 600, 625) are particularly known for their ability to withstand high-temperature oxidation, making them ideal for furnace parts and heat-treating equipment.
Corrosion Resistance: Hastelloy C276 and Monel 400 provide excellent resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments, including sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, making them suitable for chemical processing industries.
High-Temperature Stability: Alloys such as Nimonic 75 and Inconel 718 are widely used in applications where both strength and oxidation resistance are critical, such as gas turbines and aerospace components.

Nickel alloys are used in a wide variety of applications, particularly in industries that require high strength, corrosion resistance, and the ability to withstand extreme temperatures:
Aerospace: Inconel 625, 718, and Nimonic alloys are used in jet engines, gas turbines, and exhaust systems due to their strength and ability to withstand extreme heat.
Chemical Processing: Hastelloy C276 and Incoloy 825 are widely used in chemical plants, reactors, and pollution control systems where resistance to highly corrosive chemicals is essential.
Marine: Monel 400 is favored for marine hardware, pumps, and valves due to its exceptional resistance to seawater corrosion.
Power Generation: Inconel 600 and Incoloy 800 are used in heat exchangers, boilers, and steam generators because of their high-temperature stability and corrosion resistance.
Oil and Gas: Nickel alloys like Inconel 625 and Monel 400 are commonly used in offshore oil rigs, pipelines, and wellhead components due to their resistance to harsh environments.

Chloride Resistance: Alloys like Monel 400 and Hastelloy C276 are highly resistant to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking, making them suitable for marine environments and chemical plants.
Acid Resistance: Hastelloy C22 and Incoloy 825 offer outstanding resistance to sulfuric and phosphoric acids, making them popular in the chemical industry.
8. Coatings and Surface Treatments: Electroplating: Nickel sheets are often electroplated with other metals for added protection and to enhance electrical conductivity.
Passivation: The natural formation of a passive oxide layer on nickel alloys enhances their resistance to corrosion in acidic environments.