Carbon Steel Sheets

Carbon steel sheets are widely used in various industries due to their strength, durability, and versatility. They are available in different grades and standards depending on their composition, mechanical properties, and intended applications. Below is an overview of the key standards, material grades, and specifications of carbon steel sheets:

ASTM A36: This is one of the most common standards for carbon steel sheets used in structural applications. It covers carbon steel plates, shapes, and bars for welded and bolted structures.
ASTM A283: This standard covers low and intermediate tensile strength carbon steel plates. Grades include A, B, C, and D, with varying carbon content and mechanical properties.
ASTM A1011 / A1011M: Standard for hot-rolled, carbon steel sheets and strips in coil form. It covers commercial quality, structural, and high-strength low-alloy steel.
ASTM A1008 / A1008M: Standard for cold-rolled carbon steel sheets and strips, often used in applications requiring superior surface quality and dimensional accuracy.
ASTM A516 / A516M: Standard for pressure vessel quality carbon steel, primarily used for moderate and lower temperature service. Grades include 55, 60, 65, and 70.
EN 10025-2: European standard for hot-rolled products of structural steels. This standard covers non-alloy structural steels and includes grades like S235, S275, and S355.
JIS G3101: Japanese standard for general structural hot-rolled carbon steel. This standard includes the popular SS400 grade used in structural applications.

ASTM A36: Common structural steel with a minimum yield strength of 250 MPa. It has good weldability and machinability.
ASTM A283 Grades A, B, C, D: Low and intermediate tensile strength steel sheets with carbon content ranging from 0.14% to 0.24%. These grades are typically used for general fabrication and structural applications.
ASTM A572 Grades 42, 50, 55, 60, 65: High-strength low-alloy steel sheets with enhanced mechanical properties, commonly used in high-stress structural applications.
ASTM A516 Grades 55, 60, 65, 70: These are pressure vessel quality steel grades, with grade 70 being the most commonly used. They are designed for moderate to low-temperature service in boilers and pressure vessels.
ASTM A588: High-strength low-alloy structural steel, often referred to as “weathering steel.” It provides enhanced resistance to atmospheric corrosion and is used in bridge and structural applications.
EN 10025 Grades S235, S275, S355: European structural steel grades that correspond to different yield strengths. For example, S235 has a yield strength of 235 MPa, while S355 offers 355 MPa.

Tensile Strength: Ranges from 400 MPa to 800 MPa depending on the grade.
Yield Strength: Ranges from 250 MPa (for common structural grades like A36) to over 450 MPa (for high-strength grades like A572 Grade 65).
Ductility: Carbon steel sheets have good ductility, allowing them to be formed into different shapes without fracturing.

Hot-Rolled (HR): Produced by rolling steel at high temperatures, hot-rolled sheets are typically used where precise shapes and tolerances are not required. They have a rough surface and are less expensive than cold-rolled steel.
Cold-Rolled (CR): Produced by rolling steel at room temperature, cold-rolled sheets have a smooth surface and tighter tolerances. They are often used in applications requiring high precision and surface quality.

Structural Applications: ASTM A36, A283, and EN 10025 grades are widely used for building structures, bridges, and frames due to their strength and weldability.
Pressure Vessels: ASTM A516 grades are ideal for boiler and pressure vessel applications because of their ability to withstand high pressure and temperature.
Automotive: Cold-rolled carbon steel sheets are often used in automotive components, providing high surface quality and forming capabilities.
Shipbuilding: Carbon steel sheets are used in shipbuilding, with grades like A36 providing good structural strength and toughness.

Thickness: Carbon steel sheets come in various thicknesses ranging from 0.5 mm (cold-rolled) to several inches (plate steel).
Sizes: Sheets are available in standard widths (e.g., 1000 mm, 1250 mm, 1500 mm) and lengths (e.g., 2000 mm, 3000 mm), or in custom sizes as per the project requirements.
Corrosion Resistance: Carbon steel sheets generally have low resistance to corrosion, so they are often coated or painted for protection, or alloyed with elements like chromium to improve resistance.

Galvanized: Carbon steel sheets can be galvanized (zinc-coated) to enhance their corrosion resistance, commonly used in outdoor or marine environments.
Pickled and Oiled: This is a surface treatment used on hot-rolled steel to remove the scale that forms on the surface during production and to apply a protective oil coating.

Grade	Yield Strength (MPa)	Tensile Strength (MPa)	Application
ASTM A36	250	400–550	Structural, building frameworks, bridges
ASTM A283 Grade C	205	380–515	General fabrication, structural applications
ASTM A572 Grade 50	345	450–620	High-stress structural components
ASTM A516 Grade 70	260	485–620	Pressure vessels, boilers
EN 10025 S235	235	370–500	Structural engineering, construction
EN 10025 S355	355	470–630	Heavy structures, high-strength components

• ASTM A515 Gr 60
• ASTM A515 Gr 70
• ASTM A516 Gr 60
• ASTM A516 Gr 65
• ASTM A516 Gr 70