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Copper Alloy Sheets

About

Copper alloy sheets are valued for their excellent electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and malleability, making them ideal for a wide range of applications. These sheets are created by combining copper with other metals such as zinc, tin, or nickel, enhancing their strength and durability while retaining copper's natural properties. Commonly used in industries like electrical, plumbing, marine, and architectural design, copper alloy sheets offer a balance of formability and resilience. They are available in various grades and finishes, providing versatile options for both functional and aesthetic purposes, especially in environments where corrosion and conductivity are critical.

Copper alloy sheets are widely used in various industries due to their excellent electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and malleability. Copper alloys are formed by adding elements like zinc, tin, aluminum, nickel, or beryllium to improve specific properties such as strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance.
Here’s an overview of the standards, material grades, and specifications for copper alloy sheets:

1. Common Standards for Copper Alloy Sheets:

ASTM B36/B36M: This standard covers copper and copper-alloy plates, sheets, strips, and rolled bars. Common alloys under this standard include C11000 (Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper), C26000 (Cartridge Brass), and C28000 (Muntz Metal).
ASTM B152/B152M: Standard for copper sheets and strips for general applications, covering electrolytic tough pitch copper (C11000), deoxidized copper (C12200), and others.
ASTM B248/B248M: Specifies general requirements for copper and copper-alloy plates, sheets, strips, and rolled bars for industrial applications.
EN 1652: European standard for copper and copper alloy sheets, strips, and plates for general purposes.
DIN 17670: German standard for copper and copper alloy sheets and strips, including brass and bronze.
JIS H3100: Japanese standard for rolled copper and copper alloy sheets, plates, and strips.

2. Material Grades for Copper Alloy Sheets:

Copper alloys are categorized by their composition and properties. Some of the most common copper alloys include:
a. Copper (C10100, C11000, C12200): C10100: Oxygen-free electronic copper with excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.
C11000 (Electrolytic Tough Pitch - ETP): The most common copper alloy, widely used in electrical applications.
C12200 (Deoxidized Copper): Phosphorus-deoxidized copper, primarily used in plumbing and heat exchangers due to its good corrosion resistance.
b. Brass (C26000, C28000, C27000): C26000 (Cartridge Brass): Composed of 70% copper and 30% zinc, used in applications requiring high ductility and corrosion resistance, like ammunition casings, fasteners, and decorative items.
C28000 (Muntz Metal): Composed of 60% copper and 40% zinc, used in marine environments and architectural applications due to its corrosion resistance.
C27000 (Yellow Brass): Used in mechanical applications, electrical components, and plumbing.
c. Bronze (C51000, C51900, C54400): C51000 (Phosphor Bronze): Contains tin and phosphorus, offering excellent wear resistance and fatigue strength. It's used in springs, electrical connectors, and bearings.
C51900: A phosphor bronze with higher tin content, suitable for electrical and mechanical applications.
C54400 (Beryllium Bronze): Contains beryllium for improved hardness and strength. Used in tools, springs, and electrical connectors where non-sparking properties are essential.
d. Nickel-Silver Alloys (C74500, C75200): C74500 (Nickel Silver): Composed of copper, nickel, and zinc, used in decorative applications, coins, and musical instruments.
C75200: Nickel-silver alloy with higher nickel content, used for its corrosion resistance and aesthetic appeal.
e. Copper-Nickel Alloys (C70600, C71500): C70600 (90/10 Copper-Nickel): Composed of 90% copper and 10% nickel, offering excellent corrosion resistance in seawater. Commonly used in marine applications, heat exchangers, and desalination plants.
C71500 (70/30 Copper-Nickel): With 70% copper and 30% nickel, this alloy provides superior resistance to seawater corrosion and is used in shipbuilding, offshore industries, and condenser tubes.

3. Mechanical Properties:

The mechanical properties of copper alloys vary depending on the alloying elements and their proportions. Below is a general overview of key properties:
Tensile Strength: Can range from 200 MPa for pure copper (C11000) to 1000 MPa for stronger alloys like C54400 (Beryllium Bronze).
Yield Strength: Varies from around 50 MPa for soft, pure copper to over 800 MPa for harder alloys like phosphor bronzes.
Hardness: Pure copper is soft (40–60 Brinell hardness), but with alloying elements like tin, zinc, and beryllium, the hardness can increase significantly (up to 200+ Brinell for bronzes).
Elongation: Pure copper has excellent elongation properties (up to 45%), whereas harder alloys may have lower elongation (10-20%).

4. Specifications:

Thickness: Copper alloy sheets are available in thicknesses ranging from thin foils (0.1 mm) to thick plates (50 mm or more).
Width and Length: Standard sheet dimensions are often 1000 mm or 1220 mm wide and lengths up to 3000 mm, although custom sizes can be produced.

5. Properties of Common Copper Alloy Sheets:

Alloy Composition Tensile Strength (MPa) Yield Strength (MPa) Common Applications
C11000 (ETP Copper) 99.9% Copper 210-275 33-50 Electrical, plumbing, roofing, industrial
C26000 (Cartridge Brass) 70% Copper, 30% Zinc 300-400 90-130 Ammunition, fasteners, decorative items
C51000 (Phosphor Bronze) 94% Copper, 5% Tin, 0.3% Phosphorus 430-550 250-370 Springs, bearings, electrical connectors
C70600 (90/10 Copper-Nickel) 90% Copper, 10% Nickel 300-450 105-140 Marine, heat exchangers, desalination plants
C71500 (70/30 Copper-Nickel) 70% Copper, 30% Nickel 485-600 150-275 Marine, shipbuilding, condenser tubes
C54400 (Beryllium Bronze) 97.5% Copper, 2.5% Beryllium 1100-1300 860-1000 Tools, electrical components, springs

6. Corrosion Resistance:

Marine Environments: Copper-nickel alloys (C70600, C71500) are commonly used in marine environments due to their excellent resistance to seawater corrosion and biofouling.
Chemical Resistance: Brass and phosphor bronze have good resistance to atmospheric and mild chemical environments, making them suitable for architectural and industrial applications.
Electrical and Thermal Conductivity: Copper and its alloys retain excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, with pure copper (C11000) being the best conductor.

7. Applications:

Electrical Applications: Pure copper (C11000) is used for electrical wiring, cables, and conductive components due to its superior conductivity.
Marine and Offshore: Copper-nickel alloys (C70600, C71500) are used in marine hardware, desalination plants, and heat exchangers due to their corrosion resistance.
Ammunition and Fasteners: Brass (C26000) is used for ammunition casings and fasteners because of its workability and corrosion resistance.
Springs and Bearings: Phosphor bronze (C51000, C51900) is commonly used in electrical connectors, springs, and bearings for its wear resistance and fatigue strength.
Aerospace and Automotive: Beryllium bronze (C54400) is used in aerospace components, electrical switches, and non-sparking tools due to its hardness and strength.

8. Coatings and Surface Treatments:

Tin Plating: Tin-plated copper alloys improve corrosion resistance and solderability in electrical applications.
Electroplating: Copper alloys are often electroplated with nickel or chrome for decorative and protective purposes in various industries.

Summary of Standards and Applications:

Standard Material Common Applications
ASTM B36/B36M Copper Alloy Sheets General industrial, marine, and architectural uses
ASTM B152/B152M Pure Copper Sheets Electrical applications, heat exchangers
ASTM B248/B248M Brass and Bronze Sheets Electrical components, ammunition, springs
EN 1652 Copper and Copper Alloys General mechanical, decorative, and industrial purposes
JIS H3100 Rolled Copper Alloys Electrical connectors, architectural features